INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6
WHAT IS IPV6
◈ IPV6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) is a set of specifications from the internet engineering task force (IETF) that’s essentially an upgrade of IPV4.
◈ IPV6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet.
◈ IPv6 addresses are represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits with the groups being separated by colons, for example 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334, but methods to abbreviate this full notation exist.
◈ IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. IPv6 is intended to replace IPv4.
◈ To give us expanded addressing capabilities
◈ It was designed in the mid 1990s
◈ WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF IPV6
◈ Large address space
◈ Built in security
◈ Auto configuration
◈ Faster forwarding/Routing
◈ End-to-End connectivity
◈ Simplified header
◈ Mobility
◈ Smooth Transition
◈ Extensibility
◈ Enhanced priority Support
◈ New Protocol for Neighboring node interaction etc.
◈ HOW TO CONFIGURE IPV6
WE USE TUNNELING TECHNIQUE
Many current Internet users do not have IPv6 dual-stack support, and thus cannot reach IPv6 sites directly. Instead, they must use IPv4 infrastructure to carry IPv6 packets. This is done using a technique known as tunneling, which encapsulates IPv6 packets within IPv4, in effect using IPv4 as a link layer for IPv6.
Automatic tunneling refers to a technique by which the routing infrastructure automatically determines the tunnel endpoints. Some automatic tunneling techniques are below.
AUTOMATIC TUNNELING
▷ 6to4 is recommended by RFC 3056. It uses protocol 41 encapsulation. Tunnel endpoints are determined by using a well-known IPv4 anycast address on the remote side, and embedding IPv4 address information within IPv6 addresses on the local side. 6to4 is the most common tunnel protocol currently deployed
▷ Teredo is an automatic tunneling technique that uses UDP encapsulation and can allegedly cross multiple NAT nodes.[55]IPv6, including 6to4 and Teredo tunneling, are enabled by default in Windows Vista and Windows 7 Most Unix systems implement only 6to4, but Teredo can be provided by third-party software such as Miredo
▷ ISATAP (Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol) uses the IPv4 network as a virtual IPv6 local link, with mappings from each IPv4 address to a link-local IPv6 address. Unlike 6to4 and Teredo, which are inter-site tunneling mechanisms, ISATAP is an intra-site mechanism, meaning that it is designed to provide IPv6 connectivity between nodes within a single organization.
Explosive growth of internet users, devices, apps creates high demand for IP addresses
Because of its large address space, it has been predicted that by 2020 there will be 50 billion internet enabled devices in the world while IPV4 has only 4.3 billion addresses space.
WHAT IS DUAL STACK
It is a process that allows IPV6 and IPV4 to run simultaneously alongside each other.
IPV4 and IPV6 are not directly compactible and researchers realized that they couldn’t flip a switch and turn off IPV4 completely because most of the world still depends on it.
MOBILITY
Unlike mobile IPv4, mobile IPv6 avoids triangular routing and is therefore as efficient as native IPv6. IPv6 routers may also allow entire subnets to move to a new router connection point without renumbering.
NOTE:
Triangular routing is a method for transmitting packets of data in communication networks, it uses a form of routing that sends a packets to a proxy system before transmission to the intended destination.
IPV6 READINESS
Compatibility with IPv6 networking is mainly a software or firmware issue. However, much of the older hardware that could in principle be upgraded is likely to be replaced instead. In 2010, the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) suggested that all Internet servers be prepared to serve IPv6-only clients by January 2012.
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